W.Q. Dr Yaasiin Cabdi
Xanuunka COVID-19, waa cudur ku dhaca habdhiska neefsashada aadanaha oo si fudud loo kala qaadi karo isla markaana si sahlan u faafi kara. Cudurkani, waa mid safmar ah oo sababa dhimasho ama le’asho badan iyo waxyeellooyin kala duwan oo ku habsada nolosha dadka. COVID-19 waxaa keena fayras ugub ah oo adduunka ku cusub, kaas oo jiritaankiisa la ogaaday sannad ka hor. Fayraskani, ilaa hadda malaha wax daawooyin ah oo lagu daaweyn karo laakiin waxa dhowaan lagu guulaystay in la soo saaro tallaal lagu hor-qabatayn karo, kaas oo qaadashadiisu ka billaantay hadda dalal badan.
Dabayaaqadii Diseembar 2019, ayuu markii ugu horreysay ka dillaacay waddanka Shiinaha haddase faraha ayuu ka baxay, waxa uuna ku faafay caalamka oo dhan oo wuxu si dhakhso ah u noqday masiibo saf caam ah (pandemic). COVID-19 ilaa iyo maalintii uu billaabmay waxa sii kordhaya dhibaatooyinka iyo saamaynta uu ku yeeshay nolosha bulshada adduunka. Wuxu keenay halis caafimaad, dhaqaale burbur, shaqo la’aan, cunto yaraan, hakad xagga waxbarashada ah, cabsi iyo jaahwareen ku dhacay isu socodkii dunida. Qormadan, waxan ku guudmari doonna xaaladda caafimaadka adduunka ee hadda, tallaalka COVID-19, nooca cusub ee fayraska iyo magacbixin ay iila muuqatay in cudurka COVID-19 As soomaali ahaan ku magacaabi karno. Ujeeddada qoraalkani waa sidii bulshadu u ogaan lahayd in halistii cudurkani weli taagan tahay iyo inuu jiro magac Soomaali loogu wanqalay Koofidh-19.
Xaaladda Caafimaadka Adduunka iyo Cudurka COVID-19
In kastoo ay muuqato rajo iyo mustaqbal wanaagsani xaaladda caafimaadka adduunka ee hadda jirtaa waxay maraysaa meel cakiran oo laga yaabo inay waqti dheer qaadan doonto sidii looga soo kaban lahaa. Sida aan ka wada dheregsannahay dhammaanteen, waxa mar keliya adduunka qabsatay cabsi, baqdin iyo wer-wer/wal-wal weyn oo lama filaan ah, taas oo ilaa hadda ay dunidu la daalaadhacayso dhalashada masiibo ama aafo caam ah oo adduunka u horseedday silic weyn, dhimasho, iyo carqalado badan oo saamayn taban ku yeeshay xagga nolosha caadiga ah. Kalsoonidarrada, cabsida iyo hubaal la’aanta waxa sii xumeeyey aaminaadda iyo rumaysnaanta ah in waxan oo dhibaato ah oo aan soo aragnay ay tahay mid cusub oo wax qarsoon ah isla markaana ay adagtahay in la fahmo, xalliyo iyo inaan cidiba garanayn sida looga baxayo iyo inta ay qaadanayso xallinteedu. Ilaa Diseembar 2019, waxa caalamku mar qudhaata ku waabariistay kuna baraarugay cudur si tartiib-tartiib ah u dhashay oo si deg deg ah u koray isuna bedelay cudur faafa oo noqday saf caam ah si dhakhso ahna u gaadhay dal walba ama adduunka oo dhan. Kaas oo si dhab ah u gilgilay nolosha bulshada adduunka kuna beeray ama abuuray cabsi iyo halisgelin aan hore loo arag ama loo aqoonin oo soo foodsaartay jiritaankooda ummadnimo.
Sare u kaca dhimashada iyo tirada kiisaska dadka uu ku dhacay cudurku waxay horseedeen isbedello dhinac kasta oo ka mid ah nolosheenna, shaqadeenna, waxbarashada (iskuullada, jaamacadaha, iwm), madadaalada, ganacsiga, safarka, fayo-qabka dhaqaalaha, iyo isdhexgalka bulshada, asxaabta iyo qoyska. Saf mareenkan ayaa ka mid noqonaya cudurrada faafa kii ugu horreeyey ee ku soo beegmay xilligan warbaahinta baraha bulshada adduunka hogaamiso. Taas oo ay adag tahay helitaanka macluumaad muhiim ah, xaqiiqooyin iyo xog-ogaalnimo sax ah oo ku saabsan cudurka COVID-19 kuwaas oo lagu kalsoonaan karo. Warbaahinta bulshada ayaa inta badan baahisa xogo iyo warar been ah, kuwaas oo sii kordhinaya cabsida, welwelka iyo jahwareerka bulshada haysata. Intaas waxa sii dheer, waxa jira qaybo badan oo ka mid ah bulshada caalamka oo aan iyagu rumaysnaynba oo dafirsan jiritaanka iyo waxyeellooyinka fayraska sababa cudurka COVID-19.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa iyo Arbacadii, 11 Maarso 2020, ee WHO (Laanta Caafimaadka Adduunka) ku dhawaaqday in cudurka Koofidh-19 (COVID-19) in xaaladdiisu u gudubtay heer saf caam ah (pandemic) kuna wada faafay dunida oo dhan, cudurka koronafayras xaaladdiisu weli waa mid socota oo isbed-bedelaysa. Wuxuu weli ugu fidayaa si baaxad leh gudaha waddamada badankooda. Waxa sii kordhaysa tirada dadka u dhintay ama u geeriyootay iyo inta uu ku dhacay ee qaadday. Cabsi iyo argagax badan baa ka jirta meel walba, gaar ahaan dalalka uu ilaa hadda ku sii fidaayo sida USA, Yurub, India, Laatiin America iyo dalalka saboolka ah ee u badan qaaradda Afrika iyo Aasiya. Laanta WHO, waxay ku sheegtay warbixinteedii ugu dambeysay inuu cudurku weli sii fidaayo oo dhimashada dadkuna sii badanayso sida ay muujinayso xogta rasmiga ah ee ay soo saartay 06/02/2021 ee hoos ku qoran:
- Tirada guud ee dadka uu ku dhacay waxa ay gaadhaysaa wadartoodu: 104,956,439
- Tirada guud ee dadka u geeriyooday waxa ay dhan tahay: 2,290,488
- Qaaradda Afrika dadka uu ku dhacay waxa ay tiradoodu gaadhaysaa: 3,515,047
- Qaaradda Afrika dadka u dhintay waxa ay tiradoodu gaadhaysaa: 88,993
- Dalka Soomaaliya dadka uu ku dhacay waxa ay tiradoodu gaadhaysaa: 4,814
- Dalka Soomaaliya dadka u dhintay waxa ay tiradoodu gaadhaysaa: 132
Tallaalka cudurka COVID-19 iyo noocyada cusub ee SARS-CoV-2
Dhanka kalena, waxa isa soo taraya rajada ah in si dhakhso ah xal loogu heli doono cudurka COVID-19. In ka badan, 10 tallaal ayaa ilaa iyo imminka si buuxda loo ansixiyay adeegsigooda ama isticmaalkooda, waxana si rasmi ah uga billaabmay iska tallaalka COVID-19 dalal badan oo adduunka ah gaar ahaan dalalka reer galbeedka iyo kuwa dhaqaalaha leh. Tallaalada la oggolaaday isticmaalkooda ilaa hadda waxa ka mid ah: Pfizer/BionTech (USA/Germany), Moderna (USA), AstraZeneca/Oxford (UK/Sweden), Sinovac (China), Sputnik V (Russia), Bharat Biotech (India) iyo qaar kale oo la filaayo inay dhowaan soo bixi doonaan haddii Allah idmo. Tallaalku waa habka labaad ee ugu muhiimsan oo looga hortago cudurrada faafa marka laga reebo biyaha nadiifta ah oo iyagu ah habka koowaad xagga la dagaallanka cudurrada faafa. Ujeeddada ugu waaweyn ee laga leeyahay tallaalka COVID-19, waa inuu noqdo tallaal awood iyo waxtar leh kaas oo ka hortagi kara inaan cudurku dadka ku dhicin, ka hortaga inaan dadku u xanuunsan cudurka, looga hortago isbitaal dhigista, ka hortaga dhimashada bukaanka iyo isu gudbinta ama faafista fayraska SARS-CoV-2 ee bulshada dhexdeeda sida uu muujinaayo jaantuskan hoose.
Figure 1 Potential endpoints of an efficacious COVID-19 vaccine (Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol 21 February 2021)
In kastoo lagu guulaystay in tallaal loo helo cudurka Koofidh-19, haddana waxa laga yaabaa inay soo wajahayaan caqabado badan. Tusaale ahaan, waxa dhici karta inaan adduunka oo dhan mar qudha la wada gaadhsiin karin tallaalka, waxa jira faafinta macluumaad khaldan iyo warar been abuur ah oo keenay in dadka qaarkiis in la tallaalo diidaan. Waxa kale oo suurtagal ah, in fayraska sababa ama keena cudurka COVID-19 uu ku dhaco fir-geddoon ama dhalan-rogan (mutation) sida imminkaba dhacday. Isbedellada ku dhaca fayraska waxa ka dhalan kara nooc ama fir cusub oo ka yara duwan kii hore (new variant). Fayrasku waa isla fayraskii ee waxa isbedellayaa waa hiddosidayaashooda (genetic material) gaar ahaan asidh bu’eedka RNAda oo qaar ka mid ah dhagaatiyadeeda (base pairs) uu fir-geddoon ku dhaco. Arrintani, waa wax iska caadi ah oo fayrasyada oo dhammi way isbeddelaan markay muddo joogaan ama waqti ka dib si ay u sii jiraan. Sidaas awgeed, SARS-CoV-2 isna sidaas ugama duwana fayrasyada kale, waxana dhici karta inuu sameeyo isbeddel cusub bil kasta mar ama laba jeer taas oo sababta soo if bixista noocyada cusub (new variants).
Hase yeeshe, fayrasyadakarona (coronaviruses), dhab ahaantii waxay fir-geddoomaan ama isku bed-beddelaan si tartiib ah (gaabis/daahid) ama waxay qaadataa inay dhalan-rogmaan in muddo ah marka la barbar dhigo fayrasyo badan oo kale oo ka mid ah fayrasyada acid bu’eedka RNAda (RNA viruses) leh ee ay isku qaybta yihiin. Ilaa hadda, ma jiraan wax caddaymo ah oo muujinaya in B.1.1.7 (Kent variant/UK variant), South Africa variant iyo Brazil variant inay sababaan cudur ka daran ama ka halis badan kan caadiga ah SARS-CoV-2 ee Wuhan variant. Sidoo kalena, waxay u muuqataa inaysan wax sidaas ah u dhimayn ama yeelayn oo yarayn karayn awoodda iyo waxtarka tallaalka COVID-19, in kasta oo baadhitaannada lagu samaynaayo su’aalahaas ay weli socdaan dhowaanna la ogaan doono haddii ilaahay ka dhigo.
Magac bixinta Soomaaliga cudurka COVID-19
Sidaan hore u soo sheegnay, koronafayras waa fayras cusub oo ugub ah (a new novel coronavirus, nCov). Intaanu dunida wada gaadhin oo ku faafin, waxaa markii hore laga helay magaalada Wuhan ee dalka Shiinaha. Waxa ugu horrayntii si ku meel gaadh ah loogu magacaabay “Wuhan novel coronavirus (WN-CoV)”, in kastoo billowgii cudurka koronafayras ay WHO ku talisay in la odhan karo 2019-nCoV (n is for novel, CoV is for coronavirus). Ugu dambayntii, talaadadii 11 Febraayo 2020, WHO, waxay shaacisay magacaabista rasmiga ah ee cudurka koronafayras ee hadda jira in loogu walqalo oo lagu gardaadiyo magaca cusub oo ah Xanuunka Koronafayras 2019 ama Coronavirus Disease 2019 oo marka si fudud loo soo gaabiyo noqonaya COVID-19 (Co is for corona, Vi is for virus, D is for disease and 2019 is for discovered year). Sidoo kale isla 11/02/2020, Kooxda Daraasaadka Koronafayras (The Coronavirus Study Group) ee Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee Abla’ablaynta Fayrasyada (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) ayaa si rasmi ugu dhawaaqay in fayraska sababa xanuunka COVID-19 lagu magacaabi doono SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Sidaas awgeed, fayraska sababa ama keena cudurka COVID-19 waa SARS-CoV-2. Xanuunka ama cudurkiina waa COVID-19. Sidani, waa hababka cilmiyaysan ee caalamiga ah ee magac bixinta loogu sameeyo cudurrada, xanuunnada iyo ili-ma’aragtayda cudurrada sababta.
Haddaba, waxa mudan in la is weydiiyo Af-Soomaali muxuu cudurka COVID-19 ku noqonayaa? Maadaama, Soomaalidu aanay lahayn waqtigan xaadirka ah xarumo lagu sameeyo daraasaadka iyo cilmi baadhista sayniska iyo caafimaadka ama luqadda Af-Soomaaliga, magac bixinta Soomaaliga waxa aynu ku salaynaynaa habka Soomaalidu ugu magac bixiso cudurrada ama xanuunnada cusub ee dunida ku soo kordha. Waxa ay eegaan ama dhugtaan caalaamadaha iyo astaamaha ugu muhiimsan cudurka iyo qaabka cudurku qofka buka u qabto marka uu ku dhaco iyo sida uu u saameeyo. Tusaale ahaan, cudurka Meningitis: Qoorgooye (bukaanka waxa dib u qalloocsama qoorta), Tetanus: Kojiye (bukaanku waa isku soo kogaa), Chukangonia fever: Kuduudiye (bukaanku addimada ama ruugagga kama kici karo). Mararka qaarkoodna waxay ka soo ergaystaan afafka kale sida Typhoid fever: Tiifow ama Tifo (from Italian language).
Sidaas aawadeed, innaga oo taas ka duulayna, magac bixinta COVID-19 ee Afka Soomaaliga waxan ku salayn doonnaa saddex asbaabood oo ah kuwa ugu caansan ama ugu badan oo mudan in dhug loo yeesho. Sida aynu ku aragnay tilmaamaha ama astaamaha/calaamadaha lagu garto cudurka fayraska SARS-CoV-2, kuwa ugu muhiimsan waxa ka mid ah qandhada iyo qarqaryada. Sidoo kale, COVID-19 wuxu leeyahay saamayn guud oo ah cabsi ama baqdin taas oo qof waliba si uun uga baqaayo cudurka. Saddexdaas asbaabood ee ah kuwa ugu caansan ama ugu badan cudurka COVID-19 waxay sahlayaan magac bixinta Afka Soomaaliga, sababtoo ah waxay tixraacayaan ama ku salaysan yihiin hababka magac bixinta Soomaalida.
Qandho ama xummad (fever), qarqaryo ama dhaxamoonaya (chills) iyo cabsi ama walaac (fear or anxiety). Sidaas awgeed, COVID-19 waxa lagu magacaabi karaa Kardhiye (Kardhiyaha). Kardho waa dhaxan (qabow) ama xanuun lala gariiro iyo baqdin (qof jirro ama dhaxan la gariiraya ama wax ka baqaya). Kar ama kaar waa kulayl ama xummad (qof jirro ama xanuun la xumadoonaya). Waxa sii dheer saamaynta cudurka ee xagga nolosha bulshada ama shakhsiyaadka oo laga baqayo dhimashada cudurka, in cudurku kugu dhaco, saboolnimo, dhaqaale burbur iyo xagga nafsiga ama maskaxda. Wixi hadda ka dambeeya haddii ilaahay idmo magaca rasmiga ah ee cudurkan waxa ila habboon inuu noqdo Kardhiye, haddiise la helo magac Soomaali kale oo kan ka habboon waxan qaadan doonnaa ka ugu mudan waanna soo dhowaynayaa qof kasta oo fikrad cusub qaba.
Gabagebo guud
Marka la eego macluumaadka laga hayo ilaa hadda, aqoonta iyo waayo-aragnimada laga dhaxlay cudurrada ay sababaan fayrasyada coronaviruses (Common cold, SARS, MERS, etc), waxa ay muujinaysaa inuu yahay cudur halis badan oo saamayntiisa nolosha aadanuhu aad u ballaadhan tahay marka laga eego xagga tabnaantiisa. Wuxu sababaa cudur ku dhaca habdhiska neefsashada oo sida durayga oo kale ah laakiin ka xun mararka qaarkood. Bukaannada qaarkood gaar ahaan kuwa ay hayaan xanuunnada kale ee ku dhaca habka neefmareenka, difaaca jidhkoodu daciifka yahay, kuwa waayeelka ah iyo cid kastoo u nugul waxa laga yaabaa inuu ku xumaado oo sababo cudurka oof-wareenka (viral pneumonia) iyo dhimasho. Fayraska keena cudurka SARS-CoV-2 waxa laga qaadi karaa neefsashada dadka qaba oo uu neefsashadooda soo raaci karo iyo qufacooda, duufkooda, hindhisadooda iyo wax kasta oo gobo ama dhibic dareere ah oo ka soo baxda bukaanka (respiratory droplets). Astaamaha iyo calaamadaha ugu badan ee lagu garto cudurkan waxaa ka mid ah xummad/qandho, qufac cusub oo joogto ah, neefsashada oo ku dhibta ama neefta oo yaraata, daal, cuntada oo nafsad loo waayo, urinta iyo dhadhanka oo luma, cuno xanuun, san dareer, iwm.
Siyaabaha looga hortago iyo sida aad cudurka SARS-CoV-2 aad naftaada uga ilaalin kartid waxa ugu muhiimsan nadaafadda iyo dhawristeeda sida inaad gacmahaaga ku dhaqdo ama ku maydho saabuun iyo biyo ama inaad ku masaxdid gacmahaaga nadiifiyaha alkohoosha ka samaysan iyo waxyaabaha la mid ka ah. Ku dedaal inaad xidhatid weji ama waji xidh/qaris (face mask) si aad ugu dabooshid afkaaga iyo sankaaga, kilinikis, ama shaatiigaga/shaadhkaaga gacantiisa ama laabatada xusulka markaad qufacayso ama aad hindhisayso. Ka fogow xidhiidh dhow oo aan dhawrsanayn inaad la samayso qof kasta oo leh calaamadaha dureyga ama hargabka, gacan qaadka ka taxadir iyo isdhexgalka faraha badan. Ka fogow meelaha dadku isugu soo ururo sida shirarka, kulannada, siiba xafladaha iyo goobaha bulshadu ku kulanto. Raadso daryeel caafimaad haddii aad leedahay qandho, qufac iyo neefsashada oo ku dhibaysa. Waxa kale oo iyana mudan in la qaato oo la hirgeliyo xusuusinta masuuliyiinta caafimaadka iyo hay’adaha kale ee caafimaadka talooyinkooda ku saabsan ka hortagga oo maalin kasta innaga caawin kara ka hortagga faafitaanka fayrasyada neef-mareenka (respiratory viruses). Cudurkan, weli waa jirtaa halistiisu/khatartiisu ilaa iyo inta laga guulaysanaayo, sidaas darteed, yaan la dhayalsan ee ha la dedaalo Ilaahayna ha la talo saarto.
Ma ogtahay akhriste Xadiiska Rasuulka (SCW) ee ku saabsan xaaladdan oo kale iyo xakamaynta cudurrada faafa: Cabdiraxman Ibn-Cawf (RC) waxa uu yidhi waxan maqlay Rasuulka (SCW) oo leh haddaad ku maqashaan (Daacuunka) dhul ha gelina. Haddii uu ku dhaco dhulkaad joogtaanna ha ka bixina, idinkoo ka cararaya. Waxa wariyey: Bukhari & Muslim.
Tallaalka COVID-19 noocyadiisa kala duwan waxa laga rajaynayaa inay ugu horrayn yarayn karaan suurtagalnimada in cudurku qofka ku dhaco, in cudurku qofka ku sii darnaado ama aad ugu xumaado (severe infection), iyo in heerka gudbinta fayraska SARS-CoV-2 ee dadweynaha dhexdiisa uu yareeyo. Si kastaba ha noqotee, noocyada cusub ee fayraska keena COVID-19 (new variant) ayaa dhab ahaantii muujiyay muhiimadda ay leedahay barnaamijyada feejignaanta/ilaalaynta/ilbaadinta qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah (national and global surveillance programs), iyo sidoo kale muhiimadda iskaashiga caalamiga ah ee sayniska iyo wadaagga xogta/xog-wadaagidda. Soomaalidu, waxay ku maah-maahdaa marka war la helo ayaa talo la helaa. Taas oo macneheedu yahay, marka wax badan laga ogaado ayaa la garan karaa inay noocyada cusubi halis badan leeyihiin iyo inay tallaalka wax u dhimi karaan. Taasina waxay keenaysaa in markaa awoodda iyo waxtarka tallaalka wax laga beddelo, isla markaana la xoojiyo tabaha fayraska lagu dabargoynaayo iyo sidii la isaga ilaalin lahaa.
Ugu dambayntii sida la rajaynaayo cudurka kardhiye xal ayaa laga gaadhi doonaa haddii Allah idmo. Sidaan hore u soo sheegnay, barnaamijka tallaalka COVID-19 ayaa durba ka bilaabmay adduunka oo dhan. Waxa kale oo jira dedaallo badan oo dawadiisa lagu raadinaayo. Sidaas awgeed, waxa hubaal ah in aakhirka xal waara la gaadhi doono oo laga baxayo halista iyo dhibaatada cudurka SARS-CoV-2. Waayo, mar hore ayaa Allah Quraanka Kariimka ah innoogu sheegay isla markaana uu Nebigu (SCW) xadiisyo badan innagu soo gaadhsiiyey sida suuraddan iyo xadiisyadan hoose ay caddaynayaan:
1. Suuradda Ash-Sharax: 94:5. فَإِنَّ مَعَ العُسرِ يُسرًا
Xaqiiq culayska (cidhiidhiga iyo dhibka) waxa la socda fudayd (iyo faraj dhow).
2. ـ حديث أبي هريرة: أن النبى (ﷺ)قال: “إن الله لم ينـزل داءً إلا أنزل له شفاء” رواه البخاري()
Ilaahay ma soo dejin cudur, illaa waxa uu la soo dejiyey daawadiisa (Bukhari).
3. ـ حديث جابر : قال: قال رسول الله (ﷺ): “لكل داء دواء، فإذا أصيب دواء الداء برئ بإذن الله عزّ وجل “، رواه مسلم()
Cudur kastaa waxa uu leeyahay dawo. Haddii cudurka dawadiisa la helo waa lagu bogsadaa idamka Alle (Muslim).
Dr. Yasin Abdi. Senior Clinical Microbiologists, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
Email: [email protected]
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Tixraacyo (references):
1. Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 – Clinical Microbiology Reviews (ASM) October 2020
2. Cudurka Wuhan fayras (Wuhan coronavirus infection) Cudurka Wuhan Fayras
3. World Health Organisation (WHO) https://www.who.int/
4. Africa Centre for Disease Control (Africa CDC)
5. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA https://www.cdc.gov/
6. European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/home
7. American Society for Microbiology (ASM) https://asm.org/
8. Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol 21 February 2021) www.thelancet.com › issue › current
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