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Hordhac:
Soomaliya guud ahaan muddo ka badan 54 sano kama aanay dhicin doorashooyin qof iyo cod (1p1v) heer Baarlamaan (golaha wakiilada) iyo heer degaan, maadaama waddanku muddo badan uu ku jiray xukun Milateri, burbur iyo dowlad la’aan. Marka laga reebo Soomaaliland oo ku dhawaaqday in ay Soomaaliay inteeda kale ka go’aday sanadkii 1991, islamarkaana ay ka hirgaleen doorashooin qof iyo cod ah, oo ku dhisan nidaamka xisbiyada badan (multiparty system), ma jirin dalka intiisa kale qorshe doorashooyin ku salaysan nidaamka dimiqraadiyadda oo ka hirgalay.
Dowlad Gobeeldka Puntland, ayaa in muddo ah ku taamaysay qabashada dooasho qof iyo cod, iyada oo muwaadiniinta reer Puntland kadib dowlad dhiskii Puntland muddo afar iyo labaatan (24) sanno sugayeen inay codkooda si xor ah u dhiibtaan, fursadna u helaan metelaad rasmiya, ha ahaato gole degaan ama Xildhibaan.Waxay shacabku muddo badan dhawrayeen in ay helaan hannaanka dimuqraadiga ah ee dastuurku dhigayo, fursaddaasi oo hadda u muuqata mid laga dhabaynayo muddo xileedka dowladda talada heysa ee Madaxweyne Siciid Cabdullaahi.
Guddiya dhawra oo loo xilsaaray maamulka iyo habsami u socodka doorashooyinka Puntland (TPEC), ayaa horey ugu fashilmay in ay dhaqaajiyaan hannaanka Dimuqraadiyaynta Puntland, balse guddiga 3-aad ee hadda jira, oo uu Baarlamaanka Puntland ansixiyey 16- Nof- 2019 ayaa markii u horaysay dhaqan geliyey waajibaadkii loo igmaday ee diyaarinta, abaabulka iyo kormeerka doorashooyinka ka dhaca degaannada Puntland.
Guddigu wuxuu hirgeliyey doorashada saddex degmo (Ufayn, Eyl, iyo Qardho), oo hordhac ahaa (early election) sandkii 2021, loogana gollahaa in laga barto casharo gogol xaar u noqota doorashada degmooyinka kale, si hannaanka dimuqraadiyeynta Puntland tub saxan loogu jeexo. Waxay guddigu codsiyada urur ka mid noqoshada ka qabteen 17 urur siyaasaddeed, oo ay hadda liiska xildhibaanada golayaasha degaanka u gudbiyeen 7 –ba urur.
Waxaa kamida sagaalka (9) urur ee u tartamayay in ay kusoo baxaan xisbiyada ( 3 ama in ka badan) siyaasaddeed ee Puntland yeelan doonto, Urur Siyaasaddeedka KAAH, oo ah ururka dowladda hadda jirta ee Puntland. Ururkaas Kaah oo ay ku wada jiraan xubnaha golayaasha dawladda Puntland.
Ururka KAAH waxaa guddoomiye ka ah Madaxwaynaha Puntland, waxaana kala oo ka mid ah ururka inta u baddan golayaashiisa dawladda, sida xildhibaano, wasiirro, guddoomiyayaasha gobollada iyo degmooyinka.
Waxa jirta eedeymo badan oo soo baxaya, kuwaasi oo sheegaya cabbudhin, cadaadis iyo ku takri fal awooddeed, xubno ka tirsan ururka dowladda ee Kaah ay ku raadinayaan cod iyo taageero, iyaga oo adeegsanaya awoodda iyo hantidada dadweynaha, maadaama uu yahay ururkii maamulka hadda talada haya.
Waxa aynu haddaba si gaara (case study) maqaalkan ugu eegaynaa ururka KAAH iyo ol’olihii uu ka galay gobolka Sanaag.Waxaynu si gaara u qaadaa dhigdoonaa:
1. Sidee Kaah uga ol’oleeyay Gobolka Sanaag?
2. Kaah iyo bulshada?
3. Ururka Kaah ma dhowray shuruucdii iyo xeerarka doorashada?
4. Ma dhawray xuquuqihii dastuuriga ahaa ee muwaadinka reer Puntland lahaa? iyo
5. Arrima kale oo ku gedaaman hawlgalkii Kaah ee gobolka Sanaag.
Ururka KAAH iyo Gobolka Sanaag
Ururka KAAH waa ururka la filayo in uu codadka ugu badan ka helo gobolka Sanaag, waxaana sababaya qoddobadan:
- Wacyigelinta:
Guddiga ku-meel gaarka ah ee doorashooyinka Puntland (TPEC) ayaa u xilsaaran habsami u socodka, maareynta iyo qabashada shaqooyinka doorashada oo ay ka mid yihiin:
b) Qorshaha iyo dejinta habraacyo iyo siyaasado hufan oo lagu hago doorashooyinka,
t) Maamulidda, maareynta iyo qabashada doorashooyinka dawladdaha hoose,
j) Diiwangelinta ururada siyaasadda,
x) Diiwaangelinta muwaadiniinta codayn kara iyo
kh) Arimo kale oo Dastuurka dawladda Puntland, Xeerka Guddiga doorashooyinka Puntland iyo xeererka kale siinayaan.
Dhinaca sharciga sida ku cad, Xeerka Ururada Syaasadda Puntland qoddobkiisa 4-aad, waxyaalaha ka reeban ururada siyaasadda/xisbiyadda:
“[4] Urur ama xisbi kasta waxaa ka reeban innuu hantida qaranka Puntland u adeegsado ama u isticmaalo hawlihiisa u gaarka ah ee doorashooyinka”, islamarkaana haddii uu la yimaado xisbi ama urur arrinkan wuxuu waayayaa aqoonsigiisa ururnimo ama xisbinimo sida uu sheegayo qodobka shanaad ee isla xeerkani.
Marka aynu eegno bulsho ku cusub hannaanka dimuqraadiyadda, markii ugu horaysay doonaysa in ay hoggaankeeda doorato, lana soo qabsatay sed-bursi, eex, nin jeclaysi, hannaankeeda awood qaybsiguna ku dhisnaa qabiil, isla markaana aan helin wacyigelin ku filan, waynu malayn karnaa in ay adkaanayso awood iyo waayo aragnimo ay ku kala hufto, oo kala haadiso dooddaha iyo afkaarta uu siyaasiga danaystaha ah miiska u soo saarayo.
Si haddaba dhammaan shaqooyinkan si hufan loo qabto, islamarkaana Gudiga Doorashooynka Puntland (TPEC) uga soo baxdo hawshii loo xilsaaray, bulshadana u gaarsiiso hannaanka doorasho xor ah, waxaa waajib ah in ay wacyigelin ballaadhan gaadhsiiso bulshada reer Puntland, iyo degaankasta oo doorashadu ka dhacayso, sareynta sharciga iyo habraaca nidaaamka doorashooyinkana loogu dhaqmo si siman, oo ku salaysan caddaalad. Haseyeeshee tani ma dhicin, oo bulshada qaybo badan oo ka mida ma gaadhin wacyigelintii ay u baahnaayeen, sharcigiina looma fulin si ku dhisan caddaalad.
Sidoo kale dad badan oo ka mid ah indheergaradka bulshada reer Puntland wuxuu u arkaa in TPEC ay ka gaabisay kalintaas, iyada oo dowrka ururada siyaasadduna uu aad u liito, qaar ka mid ahina ayba qaadaceen ka qayb galka doorashada.
“Waxaa la dhihi karaa wacyigelini ma jirin, TPEC iyo hay’addihii kala shaqaynayey wacyigelinta aad ayay uga gaabiyeen dawrkoodii, sidoo kale urarada siyaasadu wax wacyigelina ma siin bulshada” sidan waxaa sheegay Maxamed Siciid Faarax, oo ka mid ah aqoonyahanada bulshada Sanaag, isaga oo ka hadlayay sida bulshadan baylahda looga helay.
Haddaba maadaama uu hooseeyay heerka wacyigalineed ee shacabka Puntland, waxa ay sababtay in si ka baxsan sharciga loo adeegsado, oo qorshayaal been abuur ah dadka lala wadaago, iyada oo tusaale ahaan uu Ururka Kaah ku dhaqmay awood sheegasho iyo cabbudhin, wakhtigii diiwaangelinta cod bixiyayaasha, hantidii bulshadana uga dhigay mid ururku leeyahay.
Arrimaha ugu waawayn ee u suurtageliyey ururka Kaah in uu bulshada Sanaag sida uu jecelyahay wax ugu sheego, isagoo aan u aabba yeelayn sharciga, iyo Ilaalinta hannaanka toolmoon ee xeerarku dhigayaan, waa ku takrifal awooddeed (abuse of power), baalmarka sareynta sharciga , wacyigelinta bulshadu ay heshay oo aad u yareyd iyo fahanka ay hannaankan ka haysteen oo aad u hooseeya. Taasi oo keenaysa in si dhib yar loo khaldo.
2. Dowrkii iyo loollankii ururada kale oo aan jirin:
Habsami u socodka iyo xalaalleyta doorashada, waxa udub dhexaad u ah doorka ururada siyaasadda, ee u taagan ka qeyb galka nidaamka dimuqraadiyeynta Puntland. Haddaba doorka iyo ka qeyb qaadashada doorashooinka wajiga labaad ee dhamaystirka doorashooyinka golaha degaannada Puntland, ayaa lagu tilmaami karaa mid aad u liita.
Dhammaan ururada siyaasadda ee Puntland marka laga reebo ururka Kaah, wax ol’lole iyo qorshe ku aadan tartanka kama samayn gobolka Sanaag. Waxaa si cad oo toos ah u muuqatay in ururada kale aanay wax kaalin ah ku lahayn gobolka iyo guud ahaan Puntland, iyada oo tabarta ururadu aad u liidatay. Taasi oo lagu sababeyn karo iyaga oo aan helin taageero dhaqaale, si markaasi ay ugu yeeeshan kaalin muuqata barnaamijka doorashayinka Puntland. Tani waxay u sahashay ururka Kaah, oo heysta tageerada iyo dhaqaalihii dowladda, in ay fursad u siiso oo uu xoog iyo awood dheeraada ku yeesho golayaasha tartanka.
Qaar kamida ururada oo aan waydiinay sababta ay uga daaheen tartanka, waxay sheegeen in ay xafiisyo iyo joogitaan ku lahaayeen degaano badan, balse markii aan u kuur galnay, dhibaatada ugu weyni waxay aheyd culeys xaga dhaqaalah ah, iyada xafiisyadii ururada ka furteen degaanadu noqdeen kuwa iska xiran, oo aan wax hawl ahi ka socon oo aan shaqayn.
3. Ururka KAAH: in uu xoog iyo awood ku yeesho Gobolka Sanaag isla markaana ol’ole ballaadhan ka sameeyo, waxaa kale oo qayb lixaad leh ka qaatay laba arrimood oo kala ah:
b. Siyaasiyiinta gobolka ugu metesha Dawladda Puntland: Ururka KAAH wuxuu gobolka Sanaag u diray siyaasiyiin isugu jira Xildhibaano, Wasiirro, Agaasimayaal kasoo jeeda gobolka oo ka tirsan ururka KAAH. Masuuliyiintani waxay shirar la qaateen odayaashii dhaqanka ee hoggaanka u ahaa bulshada degaanka, oo ay u arkayeen halka ay bulshadu ka nugushahay, waxayna u sheegeen in reerkastaa ay keensadaan xildhibaanadooda. Reerkastaana wuxuu xisaabiyey tirade codadka uu haysto islamarkaana wuxu soo sharaxay tirade xildhibaanada uu heli karo. Taasi oo culeys iyo caqabad ku noqotay uraradii kale.
Haddaba ururka Kaah oo ka faa’idanaysa awoodda xukuumadda, ayaa culeys saaray qeybihii kala duwaan ee bulshada, ilsamarkaana si i ay is af-garad u xaqiijiyaan hoggaanka bulshadana aanay u lumin kalsoonidooda, waxay Kaah liiska kusoo saareen xubnihii odayaashu u keeneen.
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