By Professor Abdinasir Ali Osman,

As individuals with deep roots in Ethiopia’s Somali Region, the intricate dynamics unfolding across the border resonate profoundly here in Mogadishu. The tenure of President Mustafe Cagjar presents a multifaceted reality, characterized by both commendable advancements and persistent challenges. While acknowledging the inherent shortcomings that exist in all aspects of political, social, and economic development within any governance system, particularly in a region grappling with historical complexities, it is crucial to avoid sweeping generalizations of total failure. My analysis, therefore, seeks to provide an informed and nuanced perspective, recognizing the measurable positive interventions undertaken by the current administration amidst significant existing gaps, while emphasizing the critical need for substantiated claims and continued progress.

The recent article by Abdijaliil Osman, ‘The Somali Region: Descending into Its Darkest Era Since the Fall of the Former Regime’, paints a concerning picture, asserting a descent into the “darkest era.” While we share the deep concern for the well-being of our kin in the Somali Region and acknowledge the gravity of the specific allegations raised, a comprehensive understanding requires contextualizing these within the broader efforts and complexities of governance and reform in a historically challenging landscape.

The tragic death of young Shaafici Abdikarin Ali and the subsequent alleged actions are deeply disturbing and demand thorough, transparent, and impartial investigations. If substantiated, such actions warrant unequivocal condemnation and accountability. However, to extrapolate these deeply regrettable incidents to represent the entirety of President Cagjar’s administration risks overlooking the significant efforts initiated to address long-standing injustices.

Governance and Human Rights: Implementing Deliberate Reforms and Strengthening Accountability Mechanisms

Security and Rule of Law Reforms: A discernible priority under President Mustafe Cagjar has been the deliberate restructuring of the regional security apparatus. The widely reported disbandment of the “Liyu Police” units, associated with documented human rights abuses under the previous administration (Human Rights Watch, 2023), signifies a notable shift. The ongoing transformation towards a formally recognized regional police entity with clearly defined protocols (Wikipedia, 2025) aims to establish a more accountable and rights-respecting framework. While isolated incidents like the death of Shaafici Abdikarin Ali highlight the fragility of institutional reforms and the continuous need for vigilance, the broader direction suggests a commitment to strengthening the rule of law. Reports from the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC, 2024) indicate observable improvements in prison conditions and accountability mechanisms, underscoring a positive trajectory, albeit one requiring sustained effort. Allegations of widespread systemic abuses, such as clandestine detention facilities necessitate rigorous and independent verification to ensure an accurate understanding.

Political Inclusivity and Reconciliation Efforts: In contrast to the often-exclusionary politics of the past, President Cagjar’s administration has actively pursued broader political engagement, initiating dialogue with various opposition groups, including factions of the ONLF (International Crisis Group, 2023). The facilitation of the return of exiled leaders represents a tangible step towards a more inclusive political landscape. While concerns regarding specific incidents like the alleged ONLF office raid require due process, the overall trend of engagement signifies a departure from previous exclusionary practices. The stated focus on addressing grievances related to marginalization and resource management through transparent processes is crucial for fostering lasting stability.

Economic and Social Development: Driving Targeted Growth and Addressing Inherited Disparities

Economic Growth and Infrastructure Investment: Recognizing the fundamental need for sustainable economic progress, President Cagjar’s administration has prioritized strategic investments in critical infrastructure, including road networks and electricity access (World Bank, 2024). Efforts to attract foreign direct investment in sectors like livestock and renewable energy demonstrate a commitment to long-term diversification.

While acknowledging the impact of global inflationary pressures, the administration is reportedly implementing targeted mitigation strategies. Allegations of widespread financial malfeasance require credible substantiation.

Youth Unemployment and Economic Diversification: Addressing the significant challenge of youth unemployment is a stated priority, with reported implementation of vocational training programs in collaboration with international organizations like the UNDP (2024). While the scale of unemployment remains substantial, these targeted interventions represent measurable steps. Broad assertions of drastic economic decline necessitate comprehensive and verifiable economic data for accurate assessment.

Humanitarian and Social Progress: Expanding Access and Strengthening Foundational Systems

Education Expansion: Under President Cagjar’s leadership, reported increases in school enrollment rates and the establishment of new educational institutions (UNICEF, 2024) indicate a commitment to expanding access to education. Increased resources for female literacy programs are a positive step. Recognizing existing disparities (UKFIET, 2023), the administration is reportedly implementing strategies to improve enrollment and address infrastructural needs.

Healthcare Access: President Cagjar’s administration acknowledges the historical underfunding of the healthcare sector and has articulated a commitment to improvement. Upgrades to facilities and initiatives like the Optimization of Health Extension Program (Public Health in Africa, 2025) demonstrate efforts to strengthen the system. While the tragic loss of life in detention demands accountability, broader public health initiatives are underway to address persistent disparities (PubMed, 2023).

Media Freedom and Civil Society: Fostering a More Open Environment Within National Context

The environment for media and civil society under President Cagjar is reportedly more open than under previous administrations (Addis Standard, 2025), although restrictions persist within the broader national legal framework. Continued dialogue is crucial for fostering an environment where freedom of expression is respected responsibly.

Conclusion: A Neighbor’s Informed Assessment of Progress and Ongoing Challenges

From our deeply invested perspective in Mogadishu, the trajectory of Ethiopia’s Somali Region under President Mustafe Cagjar reveals a complex picture of both tangible progress and persistent, deeply concerning challenges. While the serious allegations raised by Mr. Osman, particularly regarding human rights, demand rigorous investigation and accountability, it is essential to acknowledge the reported and observed efforts by the administration to institute reforms and address long-standing issues in governance, security, economic development, and social welfare.

As individuals with direct familial ties to the Somali Region, we recognize the immense task of governing a historically marginalized and complex territory. Meaningful and sustainable progress requires sustained commitment, transparency, and a continuous focus on addressing the root causes of grievances while building upon the positive interventions implemented. We urge all stakeholders to engage in evidence-based discourse, demanding accountability where necessary while acknowledging and supporting genuine efforts towards a more just and prosperous future for our kin in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. The well-being of our brothers and sisters across the border remains a matter of profound personal and regional significance.

Brotherly Advice to Somali Region Citizens, Traditional and Religious Leaders, Intellectuals, Professionals, and Business Leaders:

To our esteemed brothers and sisters in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, your resilience and aspirations for a better future resonate deeply with us here in Mogadishu. As neighbors and kin, we offer this brotherly advice, born from our own complex journey:

The current critical juncture demands your collective wisdom, influence, and unwavering commitment to the long-term betterment of your homeland and its people. The deeply concerning allegations and the tragic loss of young Shaafici Abdikarin Ali underscore the urgent need for your active, informed, and courageous engagement in shaping a more just, equitable, and prosperous future for the Somali Region. Let us learn from the difficult chapters of Somalia’s history and strive to forge a different path.

1. Unwavering Advocacy for Justice and Accountability: The deeply disturbing circumstances surrounding the death of Shaafici Abdikarin Ali, along with other serious allegations of abuse and human rights violations, cannot and must not be ignored or allowed to fade into obscurity. It is your fundamental moral and civic duty to collectively demand a thorough, impartial, and transparent investigation into each and every one of these deeply troubling incidents. Utilize your extensive professional networks, your established public platforms, and your recognized expertise to consistently advocate for full accountability at all levels and to ensure that all those found responsible for any wrongdoing are held to the full extent of the law, without fear or favor, regardless of their position or political affiliation. Silence in the face of such profound injustice only serves to embolden those who perpetrate it and further erode the foundations of a just society. Let us not repeat the mistakes of allowing impunity to take root.

• Cultivating Platforms for Dialogue and Meaningful Reconciliation: The long and challenging path towards achieving lasting peace, genuine stability, and inclusive prosperity is inextricably linked to the establishment and nurturing of open and inclusive platforms for meaningful dialogue and genuine reconciliation. As respected professionals, influential intellectuals, and dynamic business leaders, you possess a unique and invaluable capacity to effectively bridge existing divides and facilitate constructive and productive conversations between diverse communities, active civil society organizations, and the regional administration. Proactively create and support platforms for dialogue that are specifically designed to address long-standing grievances, promote mutual understanding and empathy across different segments of society, and ultimately foster a climate of trust and cooperation that is essential for healing and progress. Avoid the pitfalls of entrenched division that have hindered progress elsewhere.
• Principled Advocacy for Good Governance and the Rule of Law: Leverage your collective knowledge, your professional expertise, and your considerable influence to consistently advocate for the fundamental strengthening of governmental institutions, the unwavering upholding of the rule of law as the supreme guiding principle, and the widespread adoption of transparent and accountable good governance practices at all levels of administration. Engage constructively and consistently with the regional administration, offering your informed expertise, your valuable insights, and your principled recommendations to improve transparency in decision-making processes, enhance accountability mechanisms at all levels of governance, and ultimately improve the quality and accessibility of essential public services for all citizens of the Somali Region. Strive for institutions that serve all citizens equally and prevent the erosion of state authority.
• Driving Sustainable Economic Development and Expanding Opportunity: As the primary drivers of economic growth and innovation within the Somali Region, business leaders and professionals bear a significant responsibility in shaping its economic future. Focus your collective efforts on creating sustainable and inclusive economic opportunities, with a particular emphasis on empowering the region’s burgeoning youth population. Actively invest in local initiatives, vigorously promote entrepreneurship and innovation, and collectively advocate for the adoption of sound economic policies that foster a conducive and attractive business environment capable of attracting responsible and long-term investment, ultimately leading to widespread economic empowerment and stability. Avoid the fragmentation of economic resources along clan lines, which has proven detrimental elsewhere.
• Empowering Civil Society and Upholding Media Freedom: Recognize and actively support the vital and indispensable role that independent civil society organizations and a free and responsible media play in holding those in power accountable, amplifying the voices of marginalized communities, and fostering a culture of transparency and open discourse. Work collectively to create an enabling environment where these crucial entities can operate freely, independently, and without fear of reprisal or intimidation. A vibrant and engaged civil society and a free and responsible press are absolutely essential cornerstones of a healthy, democratic, and accountable society. Resist the temptation to silence dissenting voices, as this ultimately undermines stability.
• Strategic Engagement with the Diaspora and the International Community: Effectively leverage your established connections with the influential Somali diaspora community and the broader international community to raise informed awareness about both the significant challenges and the considerable opportunities that exist within the Somali Region. Advocate strategically for international support and assistance that is genuinely aligned with the specific needs and long-term aspirations of the local population, with a clear and consistent focus on promoting sustainable development initiatives, upholding fundamental human rights, and strengthening the foundations of good governance. Ensure that external engagement is for the benefit of all citizens and avoids the pitfalls of external interference that have plagued other regions.
• Maintaining Unity and Upholding Core Principles: Despite the potential for diverse perspectives and differing opinions, it is absolutely crucial to remain united in your overarching and unwavering commitment to the long-term well-being, prosperity, and security of the Somali people within Ethiopia. Consistently uphold your professional ethics, adhere to the highest standards of integrity, and ensure that your collective actions are consistently guided by the fundamental pursuit of justice, fairness, equality, and sustainable progress for all segments of society within the Somali Region. Avoid the destructive patterns of clan-based division and prioritize the collective good.

The future trajectory of the Somali Region rests, in significant part, on the collective courage, the unwavering integrity, and the unified action of its esteemed professionals, Traditional and Religious Leaders, respected intellectuals, and dynamic business leaders. Your informed voices, your considerable influence, and your dedicated contributions are absolutely vital in navigating these challenging times and in building a brighter, more just, and more prosperous future for generations to come.

Now is the time for principled leadership, for constructive and sustained engagement, and for an unwavering collective commitment to the fundamental principles of justice, equality, and tangible progress for all. Let the lessons learned from our shared history guide you towards a more unified and prosperous future, distinct from the protracted challenges we have faced in Somalia.

Prof. Abdinasir Ali Osman
Email: ipi2024@hotmail.com