By Mohamed A Yasin

The Puntland state security force has launched a decisive escalation in its war against ISIS militants in Somalia’s Bari region, leveraging international air support from the United States and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to strike terrorist hideouts in the Cal Miskaad mountains. However, this military offensive unfolds against a backdrop of growing tensions with Somalia’s Federal Government in Mogadishu (FGS), which Puntland officials accuse of deliberately withholding development aid, undermining regional stability, and attempting to curtail Puntland’s counterterrorism gains.

A New Phase in the Anti-ISIS Offensive

Puntland’s latest operation, codenamed Hillaac (“Lightning”), marks a significant shift in the region’s approach to combating ISIS, with international partners playing an increasingly prominent role. UAE fighter jets launched devastating airstrikes in Damdamaale village and Togga Damdamaale, eliminating 29 ISIS fighters. Meanwhile, the United States provided precision air support, targeting ISIS command centers and supply routes hidden in the rugged mountainous terrain.

A Puntland security spokesperson underscored the importance of these partnerships, stating, “The support from the UAE and U.S. has been instrumental in dismantling ISIS infrastructure. This is a global fight, and we welcome allies who prioritize regional stability.” While the U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) has issued an official statement, sources confirm heightened reconnaissance and logistical backing for Puntland’s military efforts in recent months.

Mogadishu’s Alleged Sabotage of Puntland’s Progress

Despite Puntland’s growing success in eradicating ISIS, its relationship with the FGS remains deeply fractured. Puntland officials claim Mogadishu has actively obstructed their counterterrorism efforts by withholding millions of dollars in development funds pledged by international donors. These funds, they argue, were earmarked for critical infrastructure and public services—essential components in sustaining civilian support for security operations.

“The Federal Government has weaponized aid to punish Puntland’s success,” said a senior Puntland official, speaking on condition of anonymity. “They have failed to weaken Al-Shabaab in the south, and now they resent our progress against ISIS. Their actions only embolden terrorist groups.”

Analysts suggest the funding freeze reflects Mogadishu’s unease with Puntland’s growing autonomy and its ability to secure direct foreign military partnerships without federal oversight. By successfully conducting military operations independent of the FGS, Puntland has positioned itself as a formidable force in Somalia’s security landscape—much to the chagrin of central authorities.

The FGS, however, denies these allegations, branding them as “divisive rhetoric.” In a statement, Somalia’s Ministry of Finance insisted that “all funds are disbursed transparently,” yet it provided no evidence to counter claims that Puntland has been systematically excluded from financial allocations.

Jubaland’s Growing Rift with the Federal Government

The fallout between the FGS and its federal member states extends beyond Puntland. Jubaland, another strategically vital region, has also severed ties with Mogadishu, citing political interference and the withholding of development funds. The situation has further deteriorated with the FGS imposing a civilian flight ban on airports in Jubaland, effectively isolating the region and exacerbating the hardships of its people.

“This is collective punishment,” said a senior Jubaland official. “People cannot travel, businesses are suffering, and essential goods are in short supply. The Federal Government is using economic strangulation to force compliance.”

The crisis has been compounded by the fact that instead of uniting against Al-Shabaab, the Somali National Army (SNA) loyal to the FGS has been engaged in direct clashes with Jubaland’s security forces. Analysts warn that these internal conflicts only weaken Somalia’s ability to combat terrorism and could push Jubaland further towards autonomy, much like Somaliland.

Contrasting Fortunes: Puntland and Jubaland’s Gains vs. Mogadishu’s Struggles

The stark disparity between Puntland and Jubaland’s proactive security measures and the FGS’s struggles against Al-Shabaab has not gone unnoticed. While Puntland has killed over 450 ISIS fighters in recent operations—mostly foreign recruits—Jubaland’s forces continue to maintain pressure on Al-Shabaab strongholds. Meanwhile, Mogadishu grapples with unrelenting attacks, particularly in south-central Somalia, where Al-Shabaab still dominates vast territories.

“Puntland and Jubaland’s successes expose Mogadishu’s failures,” said Hussein Ali, a Nairobi-based security analyst. “The federal government sees autonomous counterterrorism operations as a threat to its authority, even when they benefit Somalia as a whole.”

Humanitarian and Strategic Ramifications

The FGS’s alleged obstruction has exacerbated humanitarian hardships in both Puntland and Jubaland, particularly in communities near conflict zones. With development projects—ranging from schools to hospitals and water systems—stalled due to withheld funding, civilians increasingly face dire conditions.

Local leaders warn that the lack of public services risks alienating populations vulnerable to extremist recruitment. “When people are left without jobs, healthcare, or education, they become easy targets for terrorist recruiters,” said Amina Farah, a researcher at the Institute for Strategic Studies.

Additionally, Puntland and Jubaland’s reliance on foreign military support raises concerns about long-term sustainability. While the U.S. and UAE focus on immediate security gains, analysts caution that both regions need broader investment in governance, infrastructure, and economic opportunities. “Airstrikes alone won’t end terrorism,” Farah emphasized. “Sustained development and good governance, which they already have, must complement military action.”

Regional Implications and the Path to Independence

The ongoing standoff between Puntland, Jubaland, and Mogadishu underscores the fragility of Somalia’s federal structure. With both regions growing increasingly self-reliant in security and governance, the prospect of their eventual independence—following Somaliland’s example—is gaining traction.

“Puntland and Jubaland are effectively operating as independent states,” noted analyst Hussein Ali. “With Mogadishu’s continued mismanagement and coercion, it may only be a matter of time before they formalize their autonomy.”

For the U.S. and UAE, Puntland and Jubaland represent critical footholds in combating terrorism in the Horn of Africa. However, their involvement risks further inflaming tensions with Mogadishu, potentially accelerating Somalia’s fragmentation.

Looking Ahead: Puntland and Jubaland’s Defiant Stance

As Puntland and Jubaland consolidate their territorial gains and reinforce their autonomy, the question remains whether their model of self-reliance and foreign collaboration can deliver lasting stability. For now, their leadership remains steadfast in their resolve to combat terrorism and resist Mogadishu’s pressure.

“We will not let Mogadishu’s politics compromise our people’s safety,” declared Puntland’s Security Minister in a recent press briefing. “This fight is for Somalia’s future—whether the Federal Government stands with us or not.”

Mohamed A Yasin
Email: moyasin680@gmail.com

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This article cites statements from Puntland and Jubaland officials, regional analysts, and humanitarian sources.